Concept of Multiplication For Grade 2 USA Math
Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication is repeated addition of the same number.
Example: Take 3 groups of 3 apples each, as shown below.
🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎
There are 3 groups, and each group has 3 apples.
How many apples are there in all?
🍎 🍎 🍎 + 🍎 🍎 🍎 + 🍎 🍎 🍎
3 + 3 + 3 = 9 apples
Thus, 3 added three times means:
3 + 3 + 3 = 9
We write it as 3 × 3 = 9 [× is the symbol of multiplication.]
We say that 3 multiplied by 3 gives 9.
Or, 3 times 3 is 9.
Or, 3 into 3 is equal to 9.
We also say that the product of 3 and 3 is 9. 3 × 3 = 9 is a Multiplication Fact.
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Understanding Multiplication:
3 × 3 = 9
4 × 5 = 20
a × b = c
Here:
3, 4, and a are called the multiplicands.
3, 5, and b are called the multipliers.
9, 20, and c are called the products.
In general:
Multiplicand × Multiplier = Product
So, a × b = c where a is the multiplicand, b is the multiplier, and c is the product.
Multiplication Methods:
There are two common ways to write multiplication:
1. Horizontal Method
4 × 5 = 20
2. Vertical Method
4
× 5
───
20
Result: Both methods give the same result.
1. Write the multiplication fact and use the horizontal way.
(i)
🐌 🐌
🐌 🐌
🐌 🐌
(ii)
🚙 🚙 🚙 🚙
🚙 🚙 🚙 🚙
(iii)
🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎
🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎
🍎 🍎 🍎 🍎
(iv)
🌹 🌹 🌹 🌹
🌹 🌹 🌹 🌹
🌹 🌹 🌹 🌹
🌹 🌹 🌹 🌹
Answer:
(i) 3 × 2 = 6
(ii) 2 × 4 = 8
(iii) 3 × 4 = 12
(iv) 4 × 4 = 16
2. Fill in the blanks; one has been done for you.
(i)
6 + 6 + 6 = 18
6 × 3 = 18
(ii)
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
____ × ____ = ____
(iii)
7 + 7 + 7 = 21
____ × ____ = ____
(iv)
9 + 9 + 9 = 27
____ × ____ = ____
(v)
11 + 11 = 22
___ × ___ = ___
(vi)
9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 45
___ × ___ = ____
Answer:
(i) 6 × 3 = 18
(ii) 3 × 4 = 12
(iii) 7 × 3 = 21
(iv) 9 × 3 = 27
(v) 11 × 2 = 22
(vi) 9 × 5 = 45
3. Express in the repeated addition form.
(i) 8 × 5
(ii) 4 × 6
(iii) 1 × 2
(iv) 9 × 4
(v) 6 × 4
(vi) 5 × 8
(vii) 3 × 4
(viii) 6 × 6
Answer:
(i) 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8
(ii) 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
(iii) 1 + 1
(iv) 9 + 9 + 9 + 9
(v) 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
(vi) 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5
(vii) 3 + 3 + 3 + 3
(viii) 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
4. Match column A to B.
|
(i) 8 + 8 + 8
|
(a) 9 × 4
|
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(ii) 5 + 5 + 5 + 5
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(b) 5 × 4
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(iii) 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
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(c) 8 × 3
|
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(iv) 9 + 9 + 9 + 9
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(d) 6 × 5
|
Answer:
(i) → (c)
(ii) → (b)
(iii) → (d)
(iv) → (a)
Also: